Name and describe the energy-yielding nutrients. How is the energy measured? How does the body use energy?
What will be an ideal response?
The energy-yielding nutrients are carbohydrates, fat, and protein, which are
measured in calories or kcalories. Because fat provides the most energy, it has
the highest energy density—9 kcalories per gram. Carbohydrates and protein
each yield 4 kcalories per gram.
When the body uses carbohydrate, fat, or protein to fuel its activities, the bonds
between the nutrient’s atoms break. As the bonds break, they release energy.
Some of this energy is released as heat, but some is used to send electrical
impulses through the brain and nerves, to synthesize body compounds, and to
move muscles. Thus, the energy from foods supports all of the body’s
movements from quiet thought to vigorous sports. If the body does not use
these nutrients to fuel its current activities, it converts them into storage
compounds, to be used between meals and overnight when fresh energy
supplies run low. If more energy is consumed than expended, the result is an
increase in energy stores and weight gain.
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The ranges of intakes for the energy-containing nutrients are called the Acceptable Macronutrient Dietary Ranges
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
What is the most specific term for fluid located between cells?
a. Intracellular b. Interstitial c. Extracellular d. Extrastitial
What substance increases the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)?
a. Mercury b. Second-hand cigarette smoke c. Some herbal supplements d. Lead e. Prescription medications
Newborn infants receive a single injection of vitamin K at birth because
A) newborns cannot absorb any of the vitamin K from breast milk or formula. B) the trauma of labor and delivery depletes the newborn's vitamin K stores. C) breast milk is a poor source of vitamin K. D) newborns do not have enough bacteria in their small intestine to make vitamin K.