The following problems relate to identifying and evaluating inductive and deductive arguments. Select the best answer for each. If the Big Bang theory is correct, then the universe is billions of years old. And if the Big Bang theory is correct, then the universe was not created in six days. Thus, if the universe is billions of years old, then it was not created in six days
A) Deductive, valid. B) Inductive, strong. C) Inductive, cogent. D) Inductive, weak. E) Deductive, invalid.
E
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The following argument illustrates the questionable cause fallacy: "Many high school students sleep through the first period. Clearly, many high school students stay up too late studying."
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)
Assess the following as probably true, as probably false, as requiring further documentation before judgment, or as a claim that cannot properly be evaluated. Consider both the nature of the claim and the source."By age 30, roughly a quarter of men and women have discernibly graying hair. Even so, only 28 percent of us ever become completely white haired."-Lowell Ponte, Reader's Digest
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
A successful comparative inference will satisfy five criteria, the one called productivity refers to is the ________
(a) measure of the relative absence of complexity of the comparison (b) extent to which a comparison captures a greater number of central or essential features (c) degree of knowledge the listener has about the object to which the unknown is being compared (d) capacity to project consequences that have the potential to be shown to be false, inapplicable, or unacceptable (e) capacity to suggest consequences that go beyond those mentioned in the initial comparison
Geoffrey Sampson offers what as evidence that, contrary to the views of Noam Chomsky, not all languages employ the universal rules of grammar?
A. Chomsky is a leftist, and so he cannot be trusted. B. Some less studied languages do not seem to use such rules of grammar. C. Only the English language uses adjectives and adverbs. D. Sixty percent of the world's languages have fewer than ten thousand speakers.