Recent revisions of the levels of processing model have moved away from the idea that the sequence of the levels of encoding is key. What has been added to the model?

Question

What will be an ideal response?

Answer 1

Two other variables have been added: the way people process (elaborate) the encoding of an item (e.g., phonological or semantic), and the way the item is retrieved later on. The better the match between the type of elaboration of the encoding and the type of task required for retrieval, the better the retrieval results.

Furthermore, there appear to be two kinds of strategies for elaborating the encoding. The first is within-item elaboration. It elaborates encoding of the particular item (e.g., a word or other fact) in terms of its characteristics, including the various levels of processing. The second kind of strategy is between-item elaboration. It elaborates encoding by relating each item's features (again, at various levels) to the features of items already in memory. Thus, suppose you wanted to be sure to remember something in particular. You could elaborate it at various levels for each of the two strategies.