Define the term hypertension, describe the two classes of hypertension, and explain how hypertension can be treated
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: Hypertension means chronic high blood pressure where sustained systolic blood pressure >139 mm Hg and diastolic pressure > 89 mm Hg, measured at rest. Primary hypertension does not have one clear cause; it is a combination of genetic risk combined with environmental influences. Secondary hypertension is caused by endocrine disorders, which cause kidneys to retain fluid.
Sometimes a change in lifestyle is effective in treating hypertension. These changes include losing weight, exercising regularly, and decreasing sodium intake. If a lifestyle change does not work, then drugs may be used to decrease blood pressure. Some drugs vasodilate arterioles to decrease peripheral resistance. Other drugs have a diuretic effect causing water loss at the kidneys, which decreases both blood volume and blood pressure. Beta-blockers are used to decrease heart rate and to reduce the force/strength of heart contractions.
You might also like to view...
Drugs that inhibit the enzyme monoamine oxidase
A. decrease the activity of serotonin. B. decompose norepinephrine. C. allow increased activity of norepinephrine. D. decompose serotonin.
Which best describes the specific cause of Parkinson's disease?
A. Reduced ability of neurons in the substantia nigra to release dopamine B. Failure of serotonin receptors to bind with these neurohormones C. Hyperactivity of metabolic enzymes that degrade dopamine D. Natural tendency of basal nuclei to follow a daily recurring, oscillating cycle of rising and falling norepinephrine release E. Enhanced sensitivity of cholinergic receptors to acetylcholine
An over-production of cortisol causes ________
A) Addison's disease B) Hyperpituitarism C) Cushing's syndrome D) Graves' disease
_______________ is the process of forming bone, and it is promoted by ____________ hormone secreted from the adenohypophysis
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word