The threat to internal validity that occurs when external co-occurring events or conditions affect outcomes is the threat known as which of the following?
A) Maturation
B) Selection
C) Testing
D) History
D
Feedback:
The history threat is the occurrence of events concurrent with the independent variable that can affect the outcome. The maturation threat arises from processes occurring as a result of time (e.g., growth, fatigue) rather than the independent variable. The selection threat reflects biases stemming from preexisting differences between groups. RCTs have a clear superiority for testing causal hypotheses. Internal validity is the extent to which it can be inferred that the independent variable is truly causing the outcome.
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