With the help of examples, illustrate how direct and indirect reinforcement are different
What will be an ideal response?
A little girl who puts on her mother's makeup may be told that she is cute, but her brother will be
scolded saying "boys don't wear makeup". This is an example of direct reinforcement. Children also learn gender roles through indirect reinforcement. For example, if a little boy's male friends are punished for crying, he will learn that "boys don't cry."
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When testing Pearson's r for significance, the null hypothesis is that
a. there is no difference between the variables in the population from which the sample was drawn. b. there is no linear association between the variables in the population from which the sample was drawn. c. there is no difference between the sample and the population from which the sample was drawn. d. r = 1.00.
Sport describes a(n) ______.
A. range of activities that involves physical exertion and skill B. activity organized around a set of rules C. individual or group activity D. all of these
Which of the following statements best reflects the consequences of divorce?
a. The effects of divorce on adults and children are mixed and variable with both positive and negative effects b. The consequences of divorce are always negative for children but positive for the adults. c. There are no long term consequences of divorce for the children. d. Divorce generally benefits all involved.
Which of the following examples best represents word poverty?
A. a child who grows up in a home with few books B. a child who grows up in a home filled with books and has parents who are teachers C. a family where the parents do not speak English D. a family where one parent is deaf