Provide historic milestones in epidemiology in which diseases were controlled using research methods, even before science had caught up with identifying the responsible agent.
What will be an ideal response?
Edward Jenner (1749-1823) developed a vaccine against smallpox using cow pox 160 years before the virus was identified. John Snow (1813-1858) described the association between dirty water and cholera 44 years before the suspect bacterium, Vibrio cholerae was identified. Ignaz Semmelweis (1818-1865) described the association between childbed fever, a life-threatening infection contracted by a woman during or shortly after childbirth, and physician's unclean hands 32 years before a causal agent was discovered. James Lind (1716-1794) conducted an experiment which showed that scurvy, a disease common among sailors on long voyages with no fresh fruits or vegetables, could be treated and prevented with limes, lemons, and oranges 175 years before ascorbic acid was discovered. In 1915, Joseph Goldberger (1874-1927) proved that pellagra, a disease characterized by diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia and death, was not infectious but nutritional in origin and could be prevented by increasing the amount of animal products in the diet and by substituting oatmeal for corn grits. This finding occurred 10 years before the cause of pellagra, vitamin B3, was discovered.
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Indicate whether the statement is true or false
All of the following are useful stress management techniques EXCEPT:
A) massage therapy. B) prescription medications. C) regular exercise. D) guided imagery.
When teaching Emergency Medical Responders about air bags, which point would you emphasize?
A) Properly placed air bags eliminate the need for seat belts B) The benefit of air bags is lessened in a multiple-vehicle collision impact C) Air bags prevent broken glass from striking the occupant D) Air bags are effective in decreasing injury in a rollover-type collision
Which of the following is a reason for the low rate of treatment for depression among elderly patients?
A. There is no treatment for depression in the elderly. B. Depression in the elderly is inevitable because of deteriorating brain function. C. Elderly patients and their families believe depression is a normal consequence of growing old. D. Elderly patients do not respond to antidepressants. E. The available treatments are complex and difficult to implement.