A correlational researcher reports that the strength of the relationship between X and Y is near 0 (r = 10.03). What does this mean, relative to prediction?
a. If X is present, Y is only somewhat likely to be present.
b. If Y is absent, X will also be absent.
c. If X is present, there is no guarantee at all that Y will be present.
d. If Y is absent, X will always be present.
ANS: C
Correlational research examines a linear relationship between two or more variables and determines the type (positive or negative) and degree (strength) of the relationship. The strength of a relationship varies from –1 (perfect negative correlation) to +1 (perfect positive correlation), with 0 indicating no relationship. The positive relationship indicates that the variables vary together—that is, the two variables either increase or decrease together. The negative or inverse relationship indicates that the variables vary in opposite directions; thus, as one variable increases, the other variable decreases.
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