The nurse is caring for a patient with a sleep disorder who tells the nurse that he takes the supplement valerian to sleep at night. What clinical manifestation is most likely to be present due to the effects of this medication? Select all that apply
1. Headache
2. Dizziness
3. Renal toxicity
4. Hepatotoxicity
5. Gastrointestinal disturbances
Answer: 1, 2, 5
Explanation: Valerian is a natural product that may promote sedation and sleep. Potential adverse effects include headache, dizziness, and gastrointestinal disturbances. Renal toxicity is not associated with valerian. Hepatotoxicity may occur from the natural product Kava.
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