Gamma irradiation is effective for sterilization because it

A) damages molecules irreversibly.
B) is non-ionizing.
C) penetrates well.
D) destroys protein function, although DNA is undamaged.
E) is penetrating and causes extensive molecular damage.


E

Biology & Microbiology

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The disease osteoporosis involves loss of both mineral and organic components from bones. Which of the following can contribute to the development of osteoporosis?

A. prolonged disuse of muscles B. decline in estrogen following menopause in women C. lack of calcium in the diet D. lack of vitamin D in the diet E. All of the choices for this question are correct

Biology & Microbiology

In a muscle contraction, what specifically is the

role of calcium?

a. it causes the hydrolysis of ATP b. it connects actin with myosin to form a cross-bridge c. it causes the uncovering of the myosin binding site on actin d. it catalyzes the formation of ATP from ADP and Pi e. it causes the release of Pi from the myosin head

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What will be an ideal response?

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Which one of the following happens during repolarization of a neuron?

A) Sodium channels close, and potassium rushes out of the cell to temporarily reestablish the membrane potential. B) Potassium channels close, preventing further loss of positive ions. C) The sodium-potassium pump is turned off. D) Sodium channels open to allow sodium ions to rush back out of the cell. E) The membrane potential is eliminated.

Biology & Microbiology