Hemoglobin S (HbS) is formed in sickle cell disease as a result of which process?
a. Deficiency in glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) that changes hemoglobin A (HbA) to HbS.
b. Genetic mutation in which two amino acids (histidine and leucine) are missing.
c. Genetic mutation in which one amino acid (glutamate) is replaced by another (valine).
d. Autoimmune response in which one amino acid (proline) is detected as an antigen by abnormal immunoglobulin G (IgG).
Ans: c. Genetic mutation in which one amino acid (glutamate) is replaced by another (valine).
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