Explain the differences among the memory strategies rehearsal, organization, and elaboration.
What will be an ideal response?
Rehearsal refers to systematically repeating information in order to retain it in working memory. A child may say a phone number over and over so that he does not forget it before writing it down. Children do not spontaneously and reliably apply rehearsal until after the first grade. Shortly after rehearsal appears, children start to use organization, categorizing or chunking items to remember by grouping it by theme or type, such as animals, flowers, and furniture. When memorizing a list of words, a child might organize them into meaningful groups, or chunks-foods, animals, objects, and so forth. Growth in working memory is partially attributed to an increase in the number of chunks children can retain with age. A third strategy, elaboration, entails creating an imagined scene or story to link the material to be remembered. To remember to buy bread, milk, and butter, for example, a child might imagine a slice of buttered bread balancing on a glass of milk.
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