A nurse cares for a client with a 40-year smoking history who is experiencing distended neck veins and dependent edema. Which physiologic process should the nurse correlate with this client's history and clinical manifestations?
a. Increased pulmonary pressure creating a higher workload on the right side of the heart
b. Exposure to irritants resulting in increased inflammation of the bronchi and bronchioles
c. Increased number and size of mucus glands producing large amounts of thick mucus
d. Left ventricular hypertrophy creating a decrease in cardiac output
ANS: A
Smoking increases pulmonary hypertension, resulting in cor pulmonale, or right-sided heart failure. Increased pressures in the lungs make it more difficult for blood to flow through the lungs. Blood backs up into the right side of the heart and then into the peripheral venous system, creating distended neck veins and dependent edema. Inflammation in bronchi and bronchioles creates an airway obstruction which manifests as wheezes. Thick mucus in the lungs has no impact on distended neck veins and edema. Left ventricular hypertrophy is associated with left heart failure and is not caused by a 40-year smoking history.
You might also like to view...
The nurse is reviewing the tests planned for a pregnant client. Traditionally testing done for gestational diabetes will be performed between 24 and 28 weeks gestation
Which of the following findings in the client's history will prompt the test to be performed earlier in the pregnancy? Standard Text: Select all that apply. 1. The client is a multigravida. 2. The client has a history of a previous stillbirth. 3. The client has a strong family history of diabetes. 4. The client experienced infertility prior to becoming pregnant. 5. The client's last baby was large for gestational age.
Activities the nurse could suggest to a client interested in preventing gallstone formation include which of the following?
a. Drink only bottled water. b. Increase the amount of protein eaten each day. c. Limit the amount of calcium in the diet. d. Maintain a low-fat diet.
A patient is being discharged after being treated for a fracture. Which of the following assessments would ensure safety in the patient's home environment?
1. Safe walking path and no scatter rugs in the home environment 2. Location of furniture to aid with ambulation 3. Proper functioning of devices used for cooking 4. Presence of small rug in front of bathroom sink to reduce risk of slipping on water
A nurse is working with a local pregnancy organization to promote nutrition in young pregnant women. The organization serves a diverse population, as it is situated in a middle-income neighborhood in a very populated city
What must the nurses remember during their assessment? A. To complete a cultural community assessment B. The unique nutritional needs of pregnancy C. Dietary and allergy restrictions D. The availability of fresh foods in the neighborhood