Factors to be considered in determining whether an individual was subjected to a custodial arrest include all of the following, except:

a. The number of police officers at the scene of the questioning
b. Whether the individual is in familiar or unfamiliar surroundings
c. Whether the officer used physical force to restrain the individual
d. All of the above


d. All of the above

Criminal Justice

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Which of the following witnesses provides information about the personality, family life, business acumen, and so on of the defendant in an effort to show that this is not the kind of person who would commit the crime with which he or she is charged?

a. character witnesses b. secure witnesses c. eyewitnesses d. expert witnesses

Criminal Justice

The concept that that the government cannot seize our personal electronic communications without probable cause is a relatively recent development of the previous century

Indicate whether the statement is true or false

Criminal Justice

Which Afrocentric trait illicit perceptions of increased criminality?

a. Darker skin b. Wide noses c. Full lips d. All of the above

Criminal Justice

Which of the following is NOT a criticism of the bail system?

A. Bail setting is totally discretionary on the part of the judge. B. It ensures the accused appears in court for trial. C. It tends to discriminate against the poor. D. It is often used as a mechanism for preventive detention.

Criminal Justice