Describe the four statuses of identity an individual can have, according to James Marcia. What basis does Marcia use for this classification?
What will be an ideal response?
James Marcia classifies individuals based on the existence or extent of their crisis or commitment. Crisis is defined as a period of identity development during which the individual is exploring alternatives. Most researchers use the term exploration rather than crisis. Commitment is personal investment in identity. The four statuses of identity are as follows:Identity diffusion is the status of individuals who have not yet experienced a crisis or made any commitments. Not only are they undecided about occupational and ideological choices, they are also likely to show little interest in such matters.
Identity foreclosure is the status of individuals who have made a commitment but have not experienced a crisis. This occurs most often when parents hand down commitments to their adolescents, usually in an authoritarian way, before adolescents have had a chance to explore different approaches, ideologies, and vocations on their own.
Identity moratorium is the status of individuals who are in the midst of a crisis but whose commitments are either absent or only vaguely defined.
Identity achievement is the status of individuals who have undergone a crisis and have made a commitment.
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