A patient is diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Which manifestations should the nurse expect to observe in this patient? (Select all that apply.)
a. Dehydration
b. Hypertension
c. Flulike symptoms
d. Kussmaul's respirations
e. Cheyne-Stokes respirations
f. Edema associated with fluid overload
ANS: A, C, D
The body attempts to compensate for acidosis by deepening respirations, thereby blowing off excess carbon dioxide. The deep, sighing respiratory pattern is called Kussmaul's respirations. F. With such high blood glucose and the accompanying polyuria, the body becomes dehydrated very quickly. B. Tachycardia, hypotension, and shock can result. Acidosis also causes potassium to leave the cells and accumulate in the blood (hyperkalemia). Potassium is then lost in large amounts in the urine. The combination of dehydration, potassium imbalance, and acidosis causes the patient to develop flulike symptoms, including abdominal pain and vomiting. The patient loses consciousness and death occurs if DKA is not treated. E. Cheyne-Stokes respirations are not associated with diabetes.
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