Colored borders and shading of cells indicate that they are included in the chart.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)
True
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Data communications is a special case of telecommunications, where only ones and zeroes are exchanged.
a. True b. False
Provide steps to normalize timestamps in a log file.
Timestamps are used in log entries to specify when the recorded event took place. While it is best prac- tice to record timestamps in UTC, the format of the timestamp varies from log source to log source. There are two common timestamp formats, known as Unix Epoch and Human Readable. Unix Epoch timestamps record time by measuring the number of seconds that have passed since January 1st 1970. Human Readable timestamps record time by representing separate values for year, month, day, hour, minute, and second. The Human Readable Wed, 28 Jun 2017 13:27:18 GMT timestamp is the same as 1498656439 in Unix Epoch. From a programmability stand point, it is much easier to work with Epoch as it allows for easier addi- tion and subtraction operations. From an analysis perspective, however, Human Readable timestamps are much easier to interpret. Converting Epoch to Human Readable Timestamps with AWK AWK is a programming language designed to manipulate text files. It is very powerful and especially useful when handling text files where the lines contain multiple fields, separated by a delimiter charac- ter. Log files contain one entry per line and are formatted as delimiter-separated fields, making AWK a great tool for normalizing. Consider the applicationX_in_epoch.log file below. The source of the log file is not relevant.
2|Z|1219071600|AF|0 3|N|1219158000|AF|89 4|N|1220799600|AS|12 1|Z|1220886000|AS|67 5|N|1220972400|EU|23 6|R|1221058800|OC|89The log file above was generated by application X. The relevant aspects of the file are: ? The columns are separated, or delimited, by the | character. Therefore, the file has five columns. ? The third column contains timestamps in Unix Epoch. ? The file has an extra line at the end. This will be important later in the lab. Assume that a log analyst needed to convert the timestamps to the Human Readable format. Follow the steps below to use AWK to easily perform the manual conversion:
________ text can be added to an image so that if a graphic does not display correctly, it can be read by screen-reading software
A) Placeholder B) Caption C) Alternative D) Image
Presentation software allows users to apply special effects to the transition between slides.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)