When researchers analyzed the remains of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia and his family, they found that the suspected Tsar and his living great-grandniece Xenia differed at nucleotide position 16169 in the mitochondrial DNA. Retesting the remains showed that for this site in the mitochondrial genome, the purported Tsar had thymine (T) in some samples and cytosine (C) in others. The most likely cause of this finding is
A) the samples were too old.
B) incomplete dominance.
C) pleiotropy.
D) heteroplasmy.
D) heteroplasmy.
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Which of these conditions is a cancer that causes uncontrolled division of white blood cells, such that the number of cells greatly increases?
A) mononucleosis B) leukemia C) iron-deficiency anemia D) sickle-cell anemia
The table below lists several genotypes associated with the lac operon in E. coli. For each, indicate with a "+" or a "-" whether ?-galactosidase would be expected to be produced at induced levels
?-Galactosidase Production Genotype No Lactose With Lactose (a) I + O+ Z+/F' I - O+ Z+ (b) I - Oc Z -/F' I - Oc Z - (c) I - Oc Z+/F' I - O+ Z+ (d) I s Oc Z -/F' I s O+ Z+ I + = wild-type repressor I - = mutant repressor (unable to bind to the operator) I s = mutant repressor (insensitive to lactose) O+ = wild-type operator Oc = constitutive operator (insensitive to repressor)
Spores are produced in the ________ of a fern.
a) archegonia b) sporangium c) ovary d) antheridia e) ovule
Microorganisms require small quantities of this nutrient for enzyme function and maintenance of protein structure.
A. macronutrient B. element C. water D. growth factors E. trace element