The nurse administers sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim (Bactrim) for a desirable patient response derived from the combination of agents. Which type of medication effect does the nurse anticipate?
a. Tolerance
b. Synergistic
c. Dependence
d. Subtherapeutic
B
The nurse anticipates a synergistic effect because the two antibiotics, sulfamethoxazole and tri-methoprim, work better in combination than either agent works alone. Drug tolerance means that a larger dose of medication is needed to produce the same therapeutic effect over time. Drug de-pendence is psychological or physical. The patient takes the medication for an effect other than the therapeutic effect, resulting in psychological dependence. Physical dependence involves phy-siological adaptation to the medication that results in severe adverse effects if withdrawn abrupt-ly. A subtherapeutic effect is less than therapeutic; the therapy treats the disorder inadequately.
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A young man with a diagnosis of hemophilia A has been brought to emergency department after suffering a workplace accident resulting in bleeding
Rapid assessment has revealed the source of the patient's bleeding and established that his vital signs are stable. What should be the nurse's next action? A) Position the patient in a prone position to minimize bleeding. B) Establish IV access for the administration of vitamin K. C) Prepare for the administration of factor VIII. D) Administer a normal saline bolus to increase circulatory volume.
The nurse is assessing an older patient's risk for developing problems while hospitalized for an acute illness. The Hospital Admission Risk Profile (HARP) tool will be utilized. Which assessment areas would alert the nurse to a risk? Select all that apply.
1. Age of 87 2. Manual dexterity score of 14 3. Cognitive function score of 7 4. Ability to self-feed score of 2 5. Independence IADL's score of 5
A client who wants to use the vaginal sponge as a method of contraception shows that she understands the appropriate usage with which of the following statements?
1. "I need to use a lubricant prior to insertion." 2. "I need to add spermicidal cream prior to intercourse." 3. "I need to moisten it with water prior to use." 4. "I need to leave it in no longer than 6 hours."
The nurse understands that the drug distribution in an infant is affected by which factor?
a. Infants have fewer protein receptor sites. b. Albumin levels are increased in infants. c. Infants have lower levels of extracellular fluids. d. Body fluid proportion for weight is decreased in infants.