Four cases of meningococcal meningitis have been reported in a local school district. The school nurse prepares to treat the remaining school population based upon which knowledge?
Standard Text: Select all that apply.
1. Anyone who has been potentially exposed should be immunized.
2. Immunization will occur using one of the four types of vaccines available.
3. No treatment is necessary, since meningitis is rarely contracted by casual contact.
4. Many people will choose not to be immunized because meningitis is not a lethal disorder.
5. Treatment often includes use of prophylactic antibiotics.
Correct Answer: 1,5
Rationale 1: Exposure to meningitis is an indication for the need for immunization.
Rationale 2: There are two types of vaccines available.
Rationale 3: Meningitis is caused by a highly virulent and contagious organism.
Rationale 4: About 10% of those infected with meningitis die, and up to 20% have some degree of permanent neurologic disability.
Rationale 5: Antibiotic therapy is frequently offered to individuals that have had close contact with infected persons.
Global Rationale: Early hospitalization and aggressive treatment with intravenous (IV) penicillin-based antibiotics have reduced the mortality and morbidity of meningococcal infection, a highly virulent and contagious organism. About 10% of patients die from the infection and up to 20% experience some degree of permanent neurologic disability. Once an outbreak (three or more confirmed cases) is documented, immunization is recommended for all potentially exposed individuals, and antibiotic therapy is frequently offered to individuals having close contact with the infected persons. There are two types of vaccines available.
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