The project team in intervention research failed to operationally define the study variables correctly. Which subsequent actions of the team were affected? (Select all that apply.)
a. The research question posed failed to address the problem accurately.
b. Results were not meaningful to clinicians.
c. The methods used to study the problem were inappropriate for intervention research.
d. The results could not be discussed effectively, in terms of the hypotheses.
e. A type III error was not avoided.
ANS: A, B, D, E
The initial focus of the team is to clarify the problem or issue of interest. The project team must be alert to the risk of making a "type III error." A type III error involves asking the wrong question—a question that does not address the problem of concern. This error is most likely to occur when the researchers do not thoroughly analyze the problem and, as a result, have a fuzzy or inaccurate understanding of the issue of concern. The solution, then, does not fit the problem. A study conducted on the basis of a type III error provides the right answer to the wrong question, leading to the incorrect conclusion that the newly designed intervention will resolve the problem.
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