How did China seek to exploit new land in the frontier regions in the seventeenth century? What were some of the consequences of these new methods?
What will be an ideal response?
A. China's methods for new land use
1. imperial China sponsored the biggest movements of agricultural
settlers in frontier regions and new conquests
a. uncultivated land was wasted land
2. tax exemptions lured more than 1.5 million settlers to replace the
people of Sichuan in southern China
3. large-scale immigration preceded the Chinese conquest of Taiwan in
the 1660s
a. 35,000 settlers had brought nearly 25,000 acres under the plow,
growing mainly rice and cane sugar
4. cultivated zone of Manchuria grew by nearly 30,000 acres
5. exploitability of illegal immigrants made them welcome
B. Consequences of new methods
1. pressure of intensive new settlement provoked a cycle of conflicts
a. rebellious native tribes were penned in reservations
b. militarized agricultural colonies grew wheat, barley, peas, and
maize while keeping the natives obedient
c. schools brought Chinese language and values to the tribes
2. civil wars drove people to settle elsewhere
a. Chinese peasants moved out of the densely populated provinces
of Fujian and Guangdong to grow tea, timber, sweet potatoes or
maize in Guangzxi and the Yangtze highlands
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