Which of the following would be an external cost in the market for cigarettes?

a. price of a pack of cigarettes
b. loss of income for the smoker resulting from extra missed days of work
c. higher life insurance premiums paid by the smoker due to smoking
d. loss in utility in smoking by the smoker because the smoker must stand outside her office building in the cold winter to smoke
e. increased risk of cancer to the nonsmoking passengers in the smoker's car pool


E

Economics

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Which of the following is least responsible for the reduction in mortality rates in Europe and North America?

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In the long run, monopolistically competitive firms produce a level of output such that:

A. ATC > minimum of average costs. B. P > MC. C. P = ATC. D. All of the statements associated with this question are correct.

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Efficiency is defined as

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