Melanoma is cancer of the skin that originates with uncontrolled division of a melanocyte (pigment cell). While there are genetic tests available to screen for melanoma, they are not appropriate for all individuals
However, an individual's risk can be estimated through the use
of pedigree analysis. An individual's risk of developing melanoma increases if one or more
first-degree relative (mother, father, brother, sister, child) has had melanoma. Which of the
following are likely explanations for this increased risk?
A. inheritance of a gene mutation that
predisposes the individual to developing
cancer similarity in lifestyles among
individuals of the same family line (e.g., use
of tanning beds or time outside in the sun)
B. the high likelihood of multiple family
members developing identical somatic cell
mutations later in life
C. Both answer options are likely
explanations.
C
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Synonymous codons protect against mutation because
A) the encoded amino acid changes to a smaller one. B) the encoded amino acid changes to a larger one. C) the encoded amino acid does not change. D) they are exposed to oxidants.
Many restriction enzymes generate ____ on
DNA fragments after being cut.
a. frank ends b. blunt ends c. curved ends d. sticky ends e. oblique ends
In CAM plants, such as cacti,
a. the stomata are open both day and night. b. the stomata are open during the day to let in carbon dioxide even though they cannot afford to lose the water. c. stomata are absent because water loss through them is too great. d. stomata open at night. e. guard cells are present but operate the reverse of the guard cells of non-CAM plants.
All the following are found in both plant and animal cells, except
a. cell wall b. cell membrane c. mitochondria