What is Forchhammer's principle? Give examples of the evidence which allowed Georg Forchhammer to develop this principle. How do residence times provide a foundation for this principle?


· The Forchhammer principle is known as the principle of constant proportions. Georg Forchhammer realized that the ratio of major dissolved solids were constant in various samples of seawater.
· There is approximately 55.05% of chloride ions found in high and low salinity waters. He looked at samples from the Northern Atlantic and the Arctic Ocean to measure these ratios.
· William Ditmar was able to provide more evidence for this principle as he analyzed samples taken in the HMS Challenger.
· Constituents that have residence times longer than it takes for the ocean to mix assures a thorough mixing. They become evenly distributed throughout the ocean.

Environmental & Atmospheric Sciences

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