A client angrily tells the nurse that he cannot understand why he has liver cancer when he started out with bladder cancer
The nurse would recognize that the client misunderstands how a malig-nant tumor metastasizes when he states that cancer can spread by a. attaching to white blood cells.
b. direct extension into the lymphatic system.
c. invasion into the blood vessels.
d. new growths into internal body cavities.
A
For the purposes of study, the metastatic cascade may be divided into three stages. Stage 1 in-volves invasion of neoplastic cells from the primary tumor into surrounding tissue and penetration of blood and lymph vessels. Metastatic spread to distant organs and tissues is almost always the result of cells moving through the bloodstream. Direct expansion of tumors in body cavities occurs as cells travel throughout the cavity to develop new growth on other serosal surfaces.
You might also like to view...
A male patient who is employed as a long-distance truck driver requires an antihistamine for seasonal allergies. Which of the following antihistamines would allow him to continue his employment and manage his symptoms?
A) Diphenhydramine B) Alkylamine C) Cetirizine D) Astemizole
The nurse is inspecting the fingernails of an 18-month-old girl. Which of the following findings indicates chronic hypoxemia?
A) Nails that curve inward B) Clubbing of the nails C) Nails that curve outward D) Dry, brittle nails
A client is admitted with a spinal cord injury. Which clinical manifestations does the nurse anticipate upon assessment?
Standard Text: Select all that apply. 1. Paresthesia 2. Paralysis 3. Jerky body movements 4. Obsessive-compulsive disorder 5. Drowsiness
An example of implementation that followed measurable outcome indicators to measure the impact of interventions on public health is
1. Doing a home visit on a child who has had multiple absences from school due to illness 2. Collecting data in order to assess the reasons for school absences in a community 3. Evaluating the impact of a teaching program for teachers who deal with children with disabilities 4. Developing nursing diagnoses related to school absences