In one research project, a scientist gave students subliminal cassette tapes and told them to play them for 2 months
After 2 months, she assessed whether the tapes helped the self-esteem of her participants and found that self-esteem had indeed risen! While she may have attributed this to the tapes, it is also possible that those students may have found college life to be manageable and thus experienced an increase in self-esteem for that reason. This demonstrates which principle of critical thinking?
A) Correlation vs. causation
B) Extraordinary claims
C) Ruling out rival hypotheses
D) Replicability
Answer: C
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How does Novocain block pain when a dentist is drilling your tooth? a. Novocain causes action potentials to travel away from the brain instead of toward it. b. Novocain prevents sodium from crossing the membrane
c. Novocain inhibits many synapses in the brain. d. Novocain blocks blood flow to certain brain areas.
A theory guides all of the following EXCEPT
a. what is most important to study. b. what can be hypothesized about. c. how many times an issue should be studied. d. how an issue should be studied.
Often when a newborn baby is brought home from the hospital, the preschool sibling will begin to exhibit behaviors, such as sucking his or her thumb or wetting the bed. These reactions illustrate which defense mechanism?
a. compensation b. repression c. reaction formation d. regression
Han and Nalini both bought the same new cell phone. Han spent several weeks reviewing the dozens of different phones and reading reviews online, trying to find the best phone possible for his needs
Nalini simply bought the first phone that met her needs. Given the research on maximizers and satisficers, which is most likely to be the outcome? a. Han and Nalini will end up equally satisfied about their purchases. b. Han will be more satisfied with his purchase than Nalini. c. Nalini will be more satisfied with her purchase than Han. d. Han will spend less time researching his purchase next time.