Most of the ATP required to power cellular operations is produced in the
A) cytoplasm.
B) endoplasmic reticulum.
C) nucleus.
D) mitochondria.
E) cilia.
Answer: D
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Peristaltic waves are ________
A) churning movements of the gastrointestinal tract that aid in mechanical breakdown of chyme B) segmental regions of the gastrointestinal tract C) waves of muscular contractions that propel contents from one point to another D) pendular movements of the gastrointestinal tract
Where is the swallowing center located?
A. The mouth B. The esophagus C. The brainstem D. The oropharynx E. The enteric nervous system
Polar bears have black skin. This characteristic helps them deal with cold stress by
a. increasing the amount of air trapped next to the skin. b. increasing the absorption of radiant energy from the sun. c. increasing the insulation provided by subcutaneous fat. d. reducing heat loss by restricting blood flow to the skin.
The defecation reflex
a. is initiated when mass movements force fecal material into the rectum, stimulating stretch receptors in the rectal wall. b. involves relaxation of the internal anal sphincter and contraction of the sigmoid colon and rectum. c. can be overridden by voluntary contraction of the external anal sphincter. d. both (a) and (b) above. e. all of these answers.