What is the definition of a pretext stop?
A. The use of discretionary authority by law enforcement officers in encounters with minority motorists, typically within the context of a traffic stop, that results in the disparate treatment of minorities
B. A traffic stop based on more than one motive
C. A traffic stop where the police officer already knows that evidence of a separate crime will be recovered, but they must wait for the evidence to be in "plain view" before it can be seized
D. The use of racial profiling during traffic stops that only involve minority drivers.
B
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Xavier is a state judge who is presiding over a case of homicide. During the hearing, the defense attorney proves that certain mitigating factors accompanied the crime. According to state sentencing guidelines, the defendant should receive three to five years in prison. Xavier, however, sentences the defendant to two years in prison as he feels that a three- or five-year jail term would be too harsh. Which of the following allows the judge to differ from the sentencing guidelines of the state?
A. The principle of just deserts B. The truth-in-sentencing laws C. Judicial restraint D. Judicial departure
Anger and fear are examples of positive affective states
a. True b. False
In 1965, the government reviewed the Uniform Crime Report (UCR) and the Supplementary Report System (SRS) for major limitations of the UCR SRS. Which is not a limitation of the UCR SRS?
A. dark figure of crime B. data were more about law enforcement C. incomplete data on victims, offenders, types of crimes, and locations D. data were only representative of people of a certain race
____________ on the victim may not be immediately obvious, but may develop fully over several days
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word