In what ways were Greek, Chinese, and Indian science similar during this period?
What will be an ideal response?
A. All began to distrust the senses and question truth
1. Daoist texts say first appearances are deceptive, like when some metals are soft but can be combined to form harder ones or herbs taste poisonous but can be mixed to make medicine
2. Greeks felt that truth "lies in the depths"
3. the Indian Upanishads contain similar warnings about the unreliability of appearances
B. The idea there was a distinction between what is natural and what is supernatural changed from the belief that the realms seemed so thoroughly combined that science seemed sacred, medicine magical
1. earliest clear evidence of a shift in thinking is Chinese
a. Shen Xu is said to have taught that ghosts were the products of fear and guilt
b. Confucians deplored the claim that inanimate substances had feelings and wills, the notion that spirits inhabit all matter
2. Greek origins of science were inseparable from a background of magic and shamanistic attempts to penetrate the mysteries of unseen worlds by rites and ecstasies
a. nature worship was beginning to encourage naturalistic explanations of curious phenomena
b. development of methods to test and draw conclusions
1. systematic investigation of nature through observation and experiment arose at the same time in China
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