Identify the type of research design employed in the following study:
"In order to determine nursing students' stress throughout the four semesters of the major, nursing students in all four semesters were surveyed as class groups at the mid-point of two contiguous semesters of coursework. Stress was assessed by a researcher-composed quantitative questionnaire."
a. Cross-sectional design
b. Longitudinal design
c. Event-partitioning design
d. Case-study design
ANS: C
The event-partitioning design is a merger of the cross-sectional or longitudinal and trend designs; in event-partitioning, subjects representing the gamut of elapsed time since an event are sampled more than once each. Longitudinal designs examine changes in the same subjects over time. Cross-sectional designs are used to examine groups of subjects in various stages of development simultaneously with the intent to describe changes in the phenomenon across stages. Data across subjects is assumed to be comparable, for the variable of interest, and the relatively large sample size permits analysis of changes over time. The case study design involves an intensive exploration of a single unit of study, such as a person, family, group, community, or institution, or a small number of subjects who are examined intensively. It is seldom quantitative in nature, and is often regarded as a qualitative method, analogous to one-person or small group historical research, in terms of the process focused upon. It tells a story.
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