The citric acid cycle generates NADH and FADH2, which are then used in the process of oxidative phosphorylation to make ATP
If the citric acid cycle (which does not use oxygen) and oxidative phosphorylation are separate processes, as they are, then why is it that the citric acid cycle stops almost immediately when O2 is removed?
The citric acid cycle stops almost immediately when oxygen is removed because several steps in the cycle require the oxidized forms of NAD+ and FAD. In the absence of oxygen, these electron carriers can be reduced by the reactions of the citric acid cycle but cannot be reoxidized by the electron-transport chain that participates in oxidative phosphorylation.
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Male crickets create sounds that we call "chirps" by rubbing one wing against the other. Female parasitic flies are attracted to the chirps and lay their eggs on the male once they locate him. Is this an example of communication?
A. Yes, because one individual produced information. B. No, because multiple individuals received information. C. Yes, because information from the sender altered the receiver's behavior. D. No, because the exchange of information resulted in a cost to the sender. E. Yes, because the exchange of information resulted in a benefit to the receiver.
The hormone oxytocin stimulates ____
a. meiosis of oogonia b. ovulation c. implantation of the embryo d. development of the fetal heart e. contraction of uterine muscles during childbirth
Metabolic pathways
a. are always catabolic. b. are always anabolic. c. can be either catabolic or anabolic. d. are irreversible. e. proceed until they reach equilibrium.
Increased levels of cesium radioisotopes released from the Fukushima nuclear power plant were observed in ____
a. blue whales b. sharks c. bluefin tuna d. yellowfin tuna e. swordfish