A group of nurses is discussing various types of psychotherapy. What do they identify as universal practice principles among the different theories and methodologies? Select all that apply
1. Establishing goals
2. Using effective medications
3. Establishing a treatment time frame
4. Determining behavioral objectives
5. Establishing a therapeutic alliance
Answer: 1, 5
Explanation: Establishing a therapeutic alliance and establishing treatment goals are an essential part of all psychotherapeutic treatments. Medications may be an adjunctive treatment but are not an essential part of psychotherapy. Time frames are an important part of certain modalities, but some treatments, such as psychoanalysis, may continue open-ended. Behavioral objectives are not critical in all forms of psychotherapy.
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