The primary criticism by Keynesians of the credibility argument for rules is that
A) reputations are a less costly method of gaining credibility.
B) reputations are a less costly method of maintaining credibility.
C) the cost of losing flexibility over policy choices may exceed the cost of gaining credibility.
D) rules that reduce presidential and congressional influence over monetary policy could ultimately be harmful to the economy.
C
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The number of persons who could become lawyers or surgeons is potentially quite large, yet these two groups earn fairly high incomes. One of the main reasons why they do is the
A. return on the investment of many years of training. B. evening-out of their low income during schooling. C. rent on their unique and rare talents. D. scarcity value of their abilities.
A number of economists have estimated the impact of unionization on workers' wages. Which of the following is one conclusion reached by these studies?
A) Holding constant the impact of other factors that affect wages, being in a union has no impact on a worker's wages. B) Being in a union increases a worker's wages by about 10 percent, holding constant other factors that influence wages. C) Union workers earn less than they would if they were not unionized. This is because of the impact of workers' strikes, during which union members do not receive wages. D) The share of national income received by workers has increased significantly over time; unions have been responsible for about one-half of the increase in workers' share of national income from the end of World War II to 2000.
Which of the following is true concerning the substitution effect of a decrease in price?
A) It will lead to an increase in consumption only for a normal good. B) It always will lead to an increase in consumption. C) It will lead to an increase in consumption only for an inferior good. D) It will lead to an increase in consumption only for a Giffen good.
Suppose the rate of inflation over the last 5 years has been around 4-5%. Investors use an inflation expectation of that range when making investment decisions. The decision of the investors is based on the theory of _____
a. absolute advantage b. rational expectations c. adaptive expectations d. sticky wages