An infant has a loud, harsh, holosystolic murmur and systolic thrill that can be detected at the left lower sternal border that radiates to the neck. These clinical findings are consistent with which congenital heart defect?
a. Atrial septal defect (ASD)
b. Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
c. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
d. Atrioventricular canal (AVC) defect
Ans: b. Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
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A 4-year-old tells you he has an imaginary friend. His parents are concerned because he refuses to do anything without his friend's help. Which of the following nursing diagnoses is most applicable for his family?
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