A study that is examining healthcare workers' adherence to standard infection-control precautions began shortly before an outbreak of Clostridium difficile. This outbreak of C
diff constitutes what type of threat to the internal validity of the study?
A) History
B) Testing
C) Externality
D) Construct
A
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What is the best course of action to stimulate staff nurses' involvement in quality control research on a nursing unit?
A) Hire a well-qualified researcher to help staff design studies. B) Create a joint medical/nursing staff research committee. C) Provide staff with paid release time for research activities. D) Ensure that research designs are well grounded and scientific.
A high school student calls to ask the nurse for advice on how to care for a new navel piercing. Which response by the nurse is the most appropriate?
1. "Apply warm soaks to the area for the first two days to minimize swelling." 2. "Do not move or turn the jewelry for the first three days." 3. "Avoid contact with another person's bodily fluids until the area is well healed." 4. "Apply lotion to the area, rubbing gently, to prevent skin from becoming dry and irritated."
Which of the following factors increases a young woman's risk for early sexual experiences and pregnancy?
1. History of sexual abuse 2. Parents who have high demands for their children and who offer warmth and understanding 3. Parents who communicate openly with their teens about birth control and sexuality 4. Male partner of the same age
The nurse has been caring for a patient experiencing a reduction in cardiac output. Which findings indicate that interventions are effective, and the patient is improving? (Select all that apply.)
a. Less shivering b. Clear lung sounds c. Pulse oximeter reading 96% d. Urine output greater than 30 mL/hour e. Cool pale extremities with diminished peripheral pulses f. Temperature 98.6°F (37°C), respirations 16/min, blood pressure 110/75 mm Hg, pulse 75 beats/min)