The few studies to employ sophisticated "sham" techniques of acupuncture have concluded that acupuncture is
A. significantly more effective than placebo methods.
B. only effective when needles were inserted into pain-receptive areas.
C. unable to successfully activate the endorphin system.
D. no more effective than placebo methods.
Answer: D
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According to Hobson and McCarley, dreams are more primitive and more bizarre than daytime thoughts because
a. dreaming provides an outlet for repressed thoughts and unfulfilled wishes. b. the frontal areas of the cortex, which control higher mental abilities, are mostly shut down during REM sleep. c. the id part of the personality is expressed more strongly during sleep. d. of lucid dreaming.
Derivatives of the opium poppy are used medically to curb __________
a) pain and/or diarrhea. b) cravings for alcohol and/or nicotine. c) nausea. d) depression and/or narcolepsy.
An expression of happiness in response to interacting with others is called ____
a. social copycatting b. social contagiousness c. social with-it-ness d. social smile
Drew is running a study on the effects of alcohol on memory recall. He has two groups: one that receives alcohol and one that receives water. He checks in on the progress of the alcohol group more frequently and may have given that group more instructions. The MOST obvious weakness of Drew’s study is ______.
a. placebo effects b. experimenter effects c. internal validity d. generalizability