When assessing the respiratory system of a 4-year-old child, which of these findings would the nurse expect?
a. Crepitus palpated at the costochondral junctions
b. No diaphragmatic excursion as a result of a child's decreased inspiratory volume
c. Presence of bronchovesicular breath sounds in the peripheral lung fields
d. Irregular respiratory pattern and a respiratory rate of 40 breaths per minute at rest
ANS: C
Bronchovesicular breath sounds in the peripheral lung fields of the infant and young child up to age 5 or 6 years are normal findings. Their thin chest walls with underdeveloped musculature do not dampen the sound, as do the thicker chest walls of adults; therefore, breath sounds are loud and harsh.
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