Which medical interventions and management systems control the bleeding of esophageal varices? (Select all that apply.)
a. Transfusions
b. Sengstaken-Blakemore tube
c. Band ligation
d. Cryotherapy
e. Portocaval shunt
f.
Large doses of vitamin B12
ANS: B, C, E
Band ligation, insertion of the S/B tube, and various shunting surgeries are helpful in stopping the hemorrhage. Transfusions and water-soluble vitamins are not beneficial.
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