Which of the following is an example of an "experimenter-expectancy effect?"
a. participants in a study are nicebehave differently for the attractive experimenter than for the less attractive experimenter
b. a researcher finds that his participants did not behave as he expected them to, so he changes his statement of his hypothesis when he writes up his results
c. participants come to experiments with preconceived notions of what they are supposed to do, and perform based on those notions rather than on what they are asked to do.
d. the experimenter "expects" females to experience more difficulty on a math task so the experimenter unintentionally behaves in ways that undermine the performance of females on the math task
D
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To say that institutions are the ground of both our freedoms
and unfreedoms means that: a. institutions are by necessity authoritarian. b. democratic institutions guarantee freedom, while authoritarian institutions suppress freedom. c. some institutions, such as private property, help ensure freedoms, while others, such as governments, threaten it. d. to have freedoms, such as the freedom to express unpopular thoughts, there must be restraints on how others respond to such thoughts.
The Twentieth Amendment helped to reduce the problem of:
a. Presidents who would not leave office at the end of their term b. illegal searches c. lame ducks d. states imposing the death penalty for traffic violations
__________ is a good example of congressional casework
a. Analysis of an incumbent's policy positions prior to a debate b. Analysis of water quality within a district c. Helping a constituent with the Veterans Administration d. Giving political speeches at a political party
What has happened to the coattail effect in recent years?
a. It has been ignored by mainstream political scientists. b. It has decreased in importance due to declining party ties. c. It has become completely nonexistent because of declining party ties. d. It has remained roughly as powerful as before.