Distinguish between the reliability and the validity of a measurement and provide an example of a reliable measurement that may not be valid.
What will be an ideal response?
The reliability of a measure is indicated by its consistency; for example, when observers agree in their observations, the measurement is said to be reliable. Validity refers to the truthfulness of a measure—a valid measure of a construct measures what it claims to measure. An example of a reliable measure that may not be valid is a scale that provides the same weight each time a person steps on it, but is five pounds off. Another example is from research which indicates that raters agree on their ratings of trustworthiness when judging photos of individuals (reliability), but those ratings were unrelated to whether students cheated on a test (not valid).
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Widespread SES and ethnic segregation in U.S. schools consigns large numbers of low-SES minority students to
A. a form of schoolwide homogeneous grouping. B. magnet schools. C. multigrade classrooms. D. constructivist classrooms.
Which of the following pairs of variables are likely to be uncorrelated?
a. Average income and the incidence of dental disease b. Adult shoe size and IQ scores c. The price of a car and the age of a car d. Hours spent watching TV and grade point average
Due to financial difficulties, Damon's parents have difficulty paying rent and utilities,
buying nutritious food, and taking their children to the doctor or dentist when needed. These parents often verbally argue with each other over their financial problems, which also affects their relationship with their children. Although Damon and his siblings would love to have a computer, they know this will never be possible. According to research, a home situation, such as the one described, has been shown a. to affect the child's physical health with the child being sick more often. b. not to affect a child's cognitive development. c. not to affect a child's socioemotional development. d. to have short-term effects, but not to lead to a cycle of continued poverty as an adult.
Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)
The prevalence of bulimia nervosa is lower in developing than in developed countries