A patient, with a history of tonsillectomy and appendectomy, is admitted with an infection. The nurse realizes that which of the following immunological defenses will be altered in this patient?
1. gut associated lymphoid tissue
2. mucosa associated lymphoid tissue
3. superficial epithelial cells
4. prostaglandin production
1
Rationale: Immunologic defense is provided by the gut associated lymphoid tissue. This tissue includes the tonsils, lymph tissue within the intestinal wall, and the appendix and produce immunoglobulins and immunocytes that migrate to the gastrointestinal tract, tear ducts, and salivary glands to defend against pathogen penetration of epithelial surfaces. Mucosa associated lymphoid tissue is found in the respiratory system, urogenital system, and conjunctiva but are primarily located in the digestive system and the small bowel. Superficial epithelial cells secrete mucous and bicarbonate. Prostaglandin also produces mucous and bicarbonate.
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The nurse is caring for a patient who is being tested for possible myasthenia gravis (MG). What are the most common early symptoms of myasthenia gravis that the nurse should document in the medical record? (Select all that apply.)
a. Weakness b. Nausea c. Numbness of the extremities d. Confusion e. Tremor f. Ptosis
The nurse palpates the breasts of a 60-year-old client and identifies a well-defined, firm, mobile lump in the left breast. The nurse notifies the physician. Which of the following would the nurse anticipate the physician to order next?
A) Mammography B) Psychiatric referral C) Surgery consultation for needle biopsy D) Blood specimen for CA125
One of the main functions of vitamin D is to stimulate calcium and sodium reabsorption in which vital organ?
a. Brain b. Kidneys c. Liver d. Colon
Which of the following gaits is characterized by one leg being dragged and swung forward by hip motion?
A) Festinating B) Spastic C) Hemiplegic D) Waddling