Describe the steps of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) resulting in the release of aldosterone. What is the function of this system?
What will be an ideal response?
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) maintains systemic blood pressure. When systemic blood pressure is low, or when stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system, or when stimulated by cells of the macula dense in response to low sodium and chloride ion concentration in the filtrate, the juxtaglomerular (JG) cells release renin. Renin converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin-I (A-I). Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) converts angiotensin-I (A-I) to the active angiotensin-II (A-II). Angiotensin-II (A-II) stimulates the release of aldosterone from the adrenal glands.
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Fatty acids are NOT an important energy source for ________.
A. the brain B. the liver C. the heart D. resting skeletal muscle
Limited movement occurs when forces compress the cartilaginous pad between bones at a ________.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
Which of the following is not accomplished by thrombin?
a. stimulates conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin b. activates tissue thromboplastin, which initiates the extrinsic clotting pathway c. activates factor XIII (fibrin-stabilizing factor) d. enhances platelet aggregation e. acts in positive-feedback fashion to facilitate its own formation
What stimulus causes the release of atrial natriuretic hormone from the atria of the heart?
A. Increased blood sodium levels B. Decreased blood volume entering the atria C. Increased blood volume entering the atria D. Decreased blood pressure