A posttest-only design with a comparison group, which is a quasi-experimental study, lacks conditions present in an experimental study. Which of the following are lacking in this type of study design? (Select all that apply.)
a. There is no control group.
b. There is no intervention.
c. There is no random assignment to group.
d. Group size is not predetermined.
e. Generalization is not possible.
ANS: A, C
Quasi-experimental and experimental designs examine causality. The power of the design to accomplish this purpose depends on the extent to which the actual effects of the experimental treatment (the independent variable) can be detected by measuring the dependent variable. Quasi-experimental study designs were developed to provide alternative means of examining causality in situations not conducive to experimental controls. Experimental research must use random assignment to group, and it must have a true control group.
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