Name and briefly describe the four elements comprising systems that hold public administrators accountable.
What will be an ideal response?
The four elements are voluntary compliance, standard setting, monitoring, and sanctions. Voluntary compliance serves as the foundation of accountability systems as it claims that most people most of the time voluntarily comply with most of the significant constraints on their behavior. Without voluntary compliance, control systems would not work at all. Standard setting, which is the crafting of rules to guide administrative discretion, creates guidelines that administrators can follow, boundary lines that they can act within. Monitoring means making sure the standards are being met. Finally, sanctions refer to the consequences that occur if overseers find problems.
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Select the best definition of the resurrection hypothesis
a. Only a leader with private information that suggests they will win a war can fully understand the resurrection hypothesis. b. A leader that believes they will face a military defeat and will, therefore, be ousted, will fight harder in hopes of somehow winning. c. A leader that believes they will not win but fights on anyway must prove that the leader is not a rational leader at all. d. None of the above.
When a country uses shared ideas or values to get their way, instead of military power, they are utilizing __________ power
a. hard b. diplomatic c. soft d. intergovernmental
What made it possible for the Internet to replace TV as many Americans' primary news source?
A. Competition between Internet and traditional media B. The expansion of broadband connections C. Increased media bias in traditional media D. More television being offered through the web E. Less regulation of the Internet as compared to other media.
The European continent was divided for the most part of the second half of the 20th century by
a. the wall. b. the iron curtain. c. the north vs. south barrier. d. racial divisions. e. ideological agreements.