What pressures did European and Arab traders and raiders create for Africa?
What will be an ideal response?
A. Pressures creates for Africa
1. white colonialism exerted pressure in few other parts of Africa
a. Kongo
1. long struggle against Portuguese domination
2. wars wasted Kongo and ruined its former agricultural
prosperity
3. collaboration with Portuguese missionaries and officials
could not be fully restored
b. Ethiopia
1. tried and continually failed to contain Oromo migrations
c. northern Zambezi valley
1. Portuguese interest with a gold rush in the 1740s
2. lower valley ended up in the hands of adventurers called
prazeros—Portuguese colonists who established personal
dominance over the native populations
d. southern Africa
1. Xhosa felt increasing pressure from the Dutch expansion
from the Cape
2. British had seized the Cape Colony from the Dutch East
India Company
e. West Africa
1. Islamic expansion pressed
2. Muslim-led revolutions that displaced native dynasties
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