A client asks why the oral dose of her pain medication is higher than the intravenous dose. The nurse explains that with the oral dose, only 20% to 40% of the drug may actually enter systemic circulation
This reduces the amount of active drug. What is the term for this effect?
a. Protein binding
b. Bioavailability
c. Hepatic first pass
d. Pinocytosis
ANS: B
Bioavailability is the percentage of the administered drug dose that reaches the systemic circulation. Oral drugs that have a high first-pass hepatic metabolism may have a bioavailability of only 20% to 40% on entering systemic circulation. To obtain the desired drug effect, the oral dose could be three to five times larger than the drug dose for IV use.
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You are the nurse caring for an elderly patient who is confused and agitated. When the patient's family comes to visit the patient, you ask them how long the patient has been confused
The family states that the patient has been confused for a long time, and the confusion is getting worse. The patient is subsequently diagnosed with dementia. What is the most common cause of dementia in an elderly patient? A) Delirium B) Depression C) Excessive drug use D) Alzheimer's disease
Postural hypotension is defined as a ___________________ when the patient stands compared with sitting or supine readings
a. systolic pressure drop of more than 15 mm Hg with a pulse rate increase b. pulse rate decrease with a systolic pressure increase of at least 15 mm Hg c. diastolic pressure increase of more than 5 mm Hg and no pulse rate changes d. pulse rate decrease and diastolic pressure decrease of more than 5 mm Hg
A nurse uses SBAR during hand-offs. The purpose of SBAR is to
a. Use common courtesy. b. Establish trustworthiness. c. Promote autonomy. d. Standardize communication.
An elderly client had been prescribed an SSRI to treat depression. Which of the following medications would be in this classification?
A) Desipramine (Norpramin) B) Nortriptyline (Pamelor) C) Sertraline (Zoloft) D) Pemoline (Cylert)