What maternal behavior during pregnancy was related to conduct disorders and substance abuse in adolescence?
a. mega-dosing of vitamins
b. drinking alcohol
c. cocaine use
d. smoking
D
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Tonya was playing backgammon and she needed to roll a pair of sixes on her next throw of the dice in order to win the game. She shook the dice three times in her right hand, blew on them once, and rolled. When the dice fell, they landed with double sixes facing up. Now Tonya always shakes the dice three times and blows on them before she rolls, and about 15% of the time, she rolls doubles of some
number. Based on what is known about operant conditioning, you should conclude that Tonya's behavior best illustrates the concept known as: a. adventitious reinforcement b. successive approximations c. classical conditioning d. the Premack principle
The ability to understand the world, think rationally or logically, and use resources effectively when faced with challenges or problems is the psychologist's working definition of __________
a) divergent problem solving. b) creative thinking. c) heuristic usage. d) intelligence.
According to this perspective, people change as the interactions of heredity and environment unfold over time:
a. biological b. cognitive c. whole-person d. developmental e. sociocultural
When two stimuli are associated to produce a reflexive response in an organism, that animal (or person) has demonstrated __________ conditioning
a. classical b. aversive c. operant d. associative