Which of the following countermeasures helps prevent e-mail spoofing, that is, the forgery of an e-mail header to make it appear as if it is coming from a friend or employee?

a. implement message authentication
b. update e-mail policies
c. complete regular updates
d. plan for ID theft after a data breach


a. implement message authentication

Criminal Justice

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In Texas, the penalty category with the most serious punishment is called a:

A) First degree felony. B) XXX felony. C) Class Z felony. D) Capital felony.

Criminal Justice

_____________ is the process by which a concept is made measurable or a simple hypothesis is turned into one that is testable

a. Operationalization b. Theory building c. Variable development d. Pure research

Criminal Justice

Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)

1. It is not necessary to maintain a high degree of discretionary authority for police officers to perform their roles competently and effectively. 2. Discretion is a normal, desirable, and unavoidable part of policing that exists at all levels within a police agency and at all levels of policing. 3. Officers must take into account extenuating and mitigating circumstances in only a few select instances in interactions with the public as part of exercising discretion in enforcing the law. 4. How discretion is used may vary between shifts of officers within the same police department. 5. Education and training do not impact an officer’s decisions.

Criminal Justice

Rotating shifts, work overload, boredom, fear, and danger are examples of __________ stressors

Fill in the blank(s) with correct word

Criminal Justice