The nurse is reviewing the role of diffusion in the distribution of medications. Drugs that cannot be distributed by simple diffusion include those with which characteristics?
1. Large molecules
2. Ionization
3. Water-soluble agents
4. Alcohol
5. Urea
Correct Answer: 1,2,3
Rationale 1: Large molecules have difficulty crossing plasma membranes by simple diffusion. These molecules may require carrier, or transport, proteins to cross membranes.
Rationale 2: Ionized drugs have difficulty crossing plasma membranes by simple diffusion. These drugs may require carrier, or transport, proteins to cross membranes.
Rationale 3: Water-soluble agents have difficulty crossing plasma membranes by simple diffusion. These agents may require carrier, or transport, proteins to cross membranes.
Rationale 4: Diffusion assumes that the chemical is able to freely cross the plasma membrane. Drugs may also enter through open channels in the plasma membrane; however, the molecule must be very small, such as alcohol.
Rationale 5: Diffusion assumes that the chemical is able to freely cross the plasma membrane. Drugs may also enter through open channels in the plasma membrane; however, the molecule must be very small, such as urea.
Global Rationale: Large molecules have difficulty crossing plasma membranes by simple diffusion. These molecules may require carrier, or transport, proteins to cross membranes. Ionized drugs have difficulty crossing plasma membranes by simple diffusion. These drugs may require carrier, or transport, proteins to cross membranes. Water-soluble agents have difficulty crossing plasma membranes by simple diffusion. These agents may require carrier, or transport, proteins to cross membranes. Diffusion assumes that the chemical is able to freely cross the plasma membrane. Drugs may also enter through open channels in the plasma membrane; however, the molecule must be very small, such as alcohol or urea.
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